Chocolate and Confectionery Industry of Pakistan

Chocolate and Confectionery Industry of Pakistan Free Online Research Papers Ice cream parlor and Chocolate industry of Pakistan in 2009 is an investigation of marked (locally delivered) sweet shop and chocolate market of Pakistan. The article uncovers close gauges of deals turn over of significant dynamic players in the business. It likewise analyzes contemporary patterns in the neighborhood sweet shop and chocolate advertise, with an accentuation on giving some valuable data about the structure, standards, challenges and serious scene of the business. Prior to continuing to our center theme, it would not be rash to view the depiction of country’s financial pointers. Pakistan-Snapshot: The Islamic Republic of Pakistan is a medium size, thickly populated nation with more than 170 million individuals living in 796,095 square kilometers. As for populace and region, Pakistan remains at no. 7 and no.43 separately among the countries of the world. It is situated at Southern Asia, circumscribing the Arabian Sea, between India on the east and Iran and Afghanistan on the west and China in the north. Pakistan, a ruined and immature nation, has experienced many years of inner political questions, low degrees of outside venture, and declining fares of produces. Confronted with indefensible budgetary shortages, high swelling, and discharging remote trade saves. During 2004-07 GDP development has been inside the scope of 6-8%. Swelling remains the top worry among the general population, bouncing from 7.7% in 2007 to 20.8% in 2008, fundamentally due to rising world fuel and ware costs. Likewise, the Pakistani rupee has deteriorated fundamentally because of political and financial precariousness. Ice cream parlor and Chocolate Industry †An outline: Notwithstanding Pakistan’s sweet shop and chocolate industry has appreciated a developing and developing pattern in the ongoing past yet its size and development design has been far unimportant contrasted with different nations of Asia-pacific area. The business has developed with a normal yearly pace of 6.5 to 7.5 % during 2002-2008. Household brands command the market representing over 85% of all out worth deals of the business. The business in general can be isolated between two more extensive divisions specifically sorted out part (marked fragment) and un-composed areas (conventional portion). The marked fragment is a greater amount of monopolistic in nature where there are nine conspicuous, dynamic players in the serious scene of this division. Anyway 80% of the industry’s share is being appreciated by the five organizations recorded underneath. A concise review of major companies’ assessed yearly deals in PKR (1 US$= 83 PKR) is as per the following: Organization name Major Product lines Major brands Estimated yearly turn-over PKR.(1US$=83PKR) Offer % Hilal Candy, Bubble, Jellies, Chocolates, Beans, powder Drinks, Supari Ding Dong Bubble, Fresh up bubble, Tulsi, AamRus, Kopra candy Limopani 3.5 billion 26% Ismail Industries Ltd.(Candyland) Jams, confections, lollypops, Chocolates, Biscuits, Snacks and so on. Chillimili, Fanty candy, Now, Bisconi Chocolito, Cocomo, Snack city, Sonnet 2.8 billion 21% B.P desserts Jams, confections, lollypops, Chocolates, Biscuits, Bread, Snacks and so forth. Spacer, Dolphin Jellies, B.P Lollies, Dream Chocolates and so on. 1.7 billion 13% Cadbury’s Chocolates(Countlines and Molded) Toffees, Chewable mint confections Dairy Milk Chocolate, Éclairs, Softmint, Velvet 1.5 billion 11% Kidco Air pockets confections, lollypops, Chocolates and so forth 4ever, Centro-bubble, Lollies, Punch sweets, Chox 1.20 billion 9% Mayfair Confections, Toffees, Creamers, Amrood candy, Éclair, Cafe roll 0.8 billion 6% Mitchell’s(only Confectionery Chocolates) Goods ( Squashes, Jams, sauces, Chocolates-Molded and Countlines , Toffees and confections Milk Toffee, Fruit BonBon, Butter Scotch, Jubilee, Golden Hearts 0.70 billion 5% DanPak Air pocket Gum, Lolly Pops, Candies Chini small, Fresh’ O bubble, Choco Bisco, Milko Sip 0.70 billion 5% Sweet Hills Candies, Toffees Dr. Milk, NutKut, Love candy , Cow 0.50 billion 4% All out 13.4 Billion PKR Candy store and Chocolate Market †An outline Qualities: The marked sweet shop and chocolate showcase is profoundly value flexible and developing with the greater part of deals moved in mid-value go items. Urban markets represent the significant offer and furthermore for a higher entrance rate. Different retail value focuses exist inside the mass market fragment of chocolates between the scope of PKR 3-25. In Sugar Confectionery significant running dessert shop things fall into the retail value section of Rs. 0.50-1.00. The endeavors made for the enlistment of Rs.2 Confectionery unit by industry goliaths have gone into vain up until this point. Anyway Rs. 2 and 3 are mainstream value focuses for lolly pops and chocolates run. The business has confronted â€Å"coin-barrier† issue in sugar sweet shop items in any event multiple times during most recent three decades when every single key player consistently consented to expand their products’ cost due to raising costs of crude materials (first from 25 paisa to 50 pai sa-in mid 80’s, than 50 paisa to Rs. 1 †in mid 90’s and in conclusion from Rs.1 to Rs.2-in late 2008) whereby the dynamic players of the business were constrained to raise their costs at the very least anything besides 100% in light of the fact that next hop to coin/value group was to such an extent that they had no chance to get out. It would be intriguing for the perusers to discover that such moves anyway have consistently been end up being a â€Å"bitter pill† for the business as it brought colossal opposition from customers and exchange. In a portion of the cases decrease in deals as a response of cost increment was colossal to the point that it compelled to driving brands to take their choice back yet they couldn't recover their unique volumes once more. Mitchell’s Milk Toffees and Kidco 4ever are great models. To stay away from and concede this circumstance (up to last broaden) expert dynamic organizations in Pakistani sweet shop industry rece ive three sorts of methodologies , without diminishing or with somewhat lessening exchange edges, to be specific Reduce the no. of units per pack, unit size, and bundling ( in an undertaking to decrease cost) Compromising in item quality by lessening qty as well as nature of costly crude material. By utilizing close substitute that is accessible generally at less expensive cost as a substitution of costly crude materials. Conveyance and Selling system: About (70-80) % sugar sweet shop and chocolate deals create through discount channel contingent on the idea of item and methodologies of assembling organizations. Practically everything except decisively Hilal and B.P depend much on discount channel to create mass lump of their absolute deals. To help their deals through this channel they promote vigorously on electronic media to make brand pull for their brands and hence it power retailers to purchase these brands from entire deal. The hidden purpose for constrained inclusion in retail segment by these two organizations is they don't have premium estimated things that could yield adequate incomes to make retail dissemination reasonable for their conveyance accomplices so they do a restricted inclusion in retail division. Since these organizations themselves don't stress on retail entrance so their wholesalers additionally take a departure course and receive the method of simple selling through WS. Anyw ay there are organizations like Cadbury, Candyland, Mitchell’s and Mayfair that are completely mindful of the significance of retail entrance .Hence these organizations give due significance and consideration to retail inclusion and in this manner allot assets for retail segment. As expressed before the accentuation of Hilal and B.P has consistently been on building customer get through broad communications publicizing ( generally through TV) and pushing their brands through wide-spread system of merchants and wholesalers all through the country . This mix of â€Å"Push Pull â€Å" has end up being an effective instrument in their cases in light of the fact that the idea of their brands likewise bolster this procedure as they produce results of mass market with as low cost as Rs.1 , 2 and past. In view of this valuing system their items are similarly famous in rustic and urban towns among center and lower white collar class. B.P and Hilal having this bit of leeway appreciat e the advantages of a wide-spread circulation arrange in 300+ towns and more than 350 wholesalers across the country (as they have more than one merchants in certain towns). They generally attempt to receive cost initiative methodology and produce incomes through high volumes of deals. Visit dispatches, re-dispatches, re-presentation of old brands with slight alterations, withdrawals, modifications in bundling, item structuring and even formula change are a typical marvel in the brands of these two significant organizations. In opposition to this Cadbury’s , Candyland and Mitchell’s accept on setting up brands and brand value and consequently protraction of value up to last conceivable expand remains their top need. Well known Brands , Price point and Trades’ edges: Well known Brands: In hard-bubbled (sweets) class: Price go 0.50 paisa-Re.1: Fanty (Candyland), AamRus (Hilal), Choran Chatni (Hilal), Kopra candy (Hilal), 4ever (Kidco), Butter Scotch (Candyland) and (Mitchell’s), Amrood (Mayfair), Creamers (Mayfair) and Fruit Bonbons (Mitchell’s) are well known brands. In delicate bubbled (Toffees) classification: Price go 0.50 paisa-Re.1: Spacer (B.P) †a brand of 450-500 million PKR, Milk Toffee (Mitchell’s)- brand worth more than 250 million PKR and Éclairs (Cadbury’s) can be positioned top three among others in this class. Starting today (August 2010) there barely exist any 50 paisa sweet shop unit, those that were accessible, have been changed to Rs.1 value point. In Lolly Pops: Price extend Re.2-Rs.3/ - : twin-lolly (B.P), Paint n

Prosody - Systematic Study of the Meter of Poetry

Prosody - Systematic Study of the Meter of Poetry Prosody is a specialized term utilized in etymology and verse to portray the examples, rhythms or meters of a language. Prosody can allude to the standards for the way to express a language just as its versification. The right way to express words includes:(1)enunciation,(2)proper emphasizing and(3)making sure every syllable has its necessary length. Syllable Length: Syllable length doesnt appear to be appallingly significant for articulation in English. Take a word like research facility. It looks just as it ought to be separated syllabically into: la-bo-ra-to-ry So it seems to have 5 syllables, yet when somebody from the U.S. or on the other hand U.K. articulates it, there are just 4. Strangely, the 4 syllables arent the equivalent. Americans intensely stress the main syllable. lab-ra-,to-ry In the U.K. you likely hear: la-bor-an ,attempt At the point when we stress a syllable, we hold it an additional time. The Latin for time is tempus and the word for the term of time, particularly in etymology, is mora. Two short syllables or morae mean one long syllable. Latin and Greek have manages about whether a given syllable is long or short. More than in English, length is significant. For what reason Do You Need to Know About Prosody?: At whatever point you read antiquated Greek or Latin verse you are perusing the composition of a man or lady who has supplanted the everyday with the loftier discourse of verse. Some portion of the kind of the verse is passed on by the rhythm of the words. To peruse the verse woodenly without attempting to get a handle on the beat would resemble perusing sheet music without playing it even intellectually. In the event that such a creative method of reasoning doesnt propel you to attempt to find out about Greek and Roman meter, hows this? Understanding the meter will assist you with translating. Foot: A foot is a unit of a meter in verse. A foot will for the most part have 2, 3 or 4 syllables in Greek and Latin verse. 2 Morae (Keep in mind: one short syllable has one time or mora.) A foot made out of two short syllables is called pyrrhic. A pyrrhic foot would have multiple times or morae. 3 Morae A trochee is a long syllable followed by a short and an iam(b) is a short syllable followed by a long. Both of these have 3 morae. 4 Morae A foot with 2 long syllables is known as a spondee. A spondee would have 4 morae. Phenomenal feet, similar to the dispondee, can have 8 morae, and there are extraordinary, since quite a while ago designed ones, similar to the Sapphic, named after the popular lady artist Sappho of Lesbos. Trisyllabic Feet: There are eight potential feet dependent on three syllables. The two most regular are:(1)the dactyl, which is named outwardly for the finger, (long, short, short) and(2)the anapest (short, short, long). AnapestDactylic Hexameter Feet of at least four syllables are compound feet. Refrain: A refrain is a line of verse utilizing feet as per a predetermined example or meter. A meter can allude to a solitary foot in a stanza. In the event that you have a refrain comprised of dactyls, every dactyl is a meter. A meter isn't generally a solitary foot. For example, in a line of rhyming trimeter, each meter or metron (pl. metra or metrons) comprises of two feet. Dactylic Hexameter: In the event that the meter is dactyl, with 6 meters in the refrain, you have a line of dactylic hexameter. In the event that there are just five meters, it is pentameter. Dactylic hexameter is the meter that was utilized in epic verse or chivalrous verse. There is one extra significant piece of confounding data: the meter utilized in dactylic hexameter can be either dactyl (long, short, short) or a spondee (long, long). Why? They have a similar number of morae. Diaresis - Division in a Line of VerseCaesura - Division in a Line of Dactylic HexameterTrochaic TrimeterIambic Trimeter Meter for the AP Exam: For the AP Latin - Vergil Exam, understudies need to know dactylic hexameters and have the option to decide the length of every syllable. - UU|-UU|-UU|-UU|-UU|-X. The last syllable might be taken to be since a long time ago the 6th foot is treated as a spondee. Aside from in the fifth syllable, a long syllable can supplant the two shorts (UU).

Rome Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Rome - Assignment Example They designated various driving reformers to the cardinal’s school, began change of the focal regulatory mechanical assembly found in Rome, endorsed the establishing of Jesuits, and convened the Trent committee which met periodically from 1545 to 1563. The committee prevailing with regards to beginning a few managerial changes and far-going morals which was intended to establish the pace and characterize the state of Roman Catholicism. The topic of Annibale was the exemplary style. During his time he was viewed as one of the fundamental key painters to resuscitate the traditional style. He had the option to join progressive authenticity and old style reissuance workmanship. It occurred on august, 410. The Visigoth assaulted the city, drove by Alaric. During that time, Rome was not the capital city of the western Rome Empire, since Ravenna had took that position in 402. Be that as it may, the city of Rome supported a vital position as the endless city and the focal point of the profound realm. 9. San Carlo alle Quattro Fontane by Borromini depends on an exuberant interaction of inward and pass on dividers that make it a Baroque perfect work of art. Do you concur? Truly I concur, since the renaissance drew the influence and riches from that point. Mosaic is a craft of framing pictures by gathering little bits of hued stones or glass. The most established well known mosaic originates from eighth BC. They were produced using stones. The Greek producers upgraded this procedure. The most seasoned instances of mosaic that are produced using different materials were found at a sanctuary in Abra, Mesopotamia. She was the little girl of Vanozza and Pope Alexander VI. She had three siblings Giovanni, Cesare and Gioffre. Her family orchestrated numerous relationships for her to influential men so as to propel their political desire. Mausoleums are underground burial ground. The early Christian constructed them during the primary hundreds of years of the Christian church. The roman allowed the Christian to cover their dead in the mausoleums. Thus,

Biography of Niccolo Machiavelli :: essays research papers

Niccolo Machiavelli - Biography Niccolo Machiavelli was conceived on May 3, 1469 in Florence , Italy. He is known for being a political savant, student of history, essayist, legislator, and ambassador. Machiavelli is most popular for his acclaimed, compelling work, "The Prince" (1513). This presented to him a notoriety of: irreverent criticism, being related with degenerate government, malicious (Showing the finesse or inventiveness or devilishness regular of a fallen angel). Crafty and Machiavellianism are two ideas instituted from Machiavelli's perspectives as expressed in The Prince. Machiavelli is misjudged on the grounds that individuals judge him simply on the ruler and in light of the fact that they don't peruse his Discourses also. Numerous individuals reprimand Machiavelli's intense recommendations in The Prince. These individuals don't consider the state Italy was in when The Prince was composed. Machiavelli composed The Prince to help spare Italy from visit remote attacks. As indicated by those that knew Machiavelli, he was a strict and good man. The Prince The sovereign was written in a period of enormous scope extortion, viciousness and political clashes. political flimsiness, dread, attack, interest, Italy was over and again won and constrained by outsiders. The sovereign was Machiavelli's down to earth manual for Lorenzo Di Medici to act in this condition. In the last section of the sovereign, Machiavelli requires a conclusion to this choas, by recommending Italy stand together with their very own multitude against outside trespassers. Machiavelli composed The Prince to help Lorenzo the Magnificent Di Medici to remain in power. He additionally composed it to get back a warning situation in the Medici government. Lamentably, Lorenzo didn't concur with the recommendations in the book, so Machiavelli didn't find a new line of work. The Prince was not quite the same as different archives of the time in that the ruler had pragmatic recommendations on the best way to manage the current, existing issues of the period. Different archives were considerably more hypothetical. There is a distinction of assessment by perusers of the sovereign, regardless of whether Machiavelli is essentiallly a decent, strict individual or somebody that is terrible and savage. For instance, Machiavelli acclaim Caesar Borgia , a pitiless, horrible, despot - abhorred and loathed by many. Does this mean Machiavelli concurs that Ceasar's activities are advocated? Machiavelli felt that Caesar's speedy and purposeful characteristics were exactly what is required to join Italy. Machiavelli respected the characteristics, not Caesar as an individual. The Prince was written in 1513 yet just distributed in 1532 after Machiavelli's demise.

Black Women in Civil Rights Movements - 2200 Words

Black Women in Civil Rights Movements (Term Paper Sample) Content: Black Women Leaders in the Civil Rights Movement Name:Institution:Black Women Leaders in the Civil Rights Movement IntroductionBlack women in the United States resisted oppression, the underlying reason why they created the civil rights movement. Being enslaved in the United States of America, they came together to fight for their freedom, as well as their inclusion in the womens suffrage movement following the abolition of slavery (Collier-Thomas Franklin, 2001). Their fights yielded some results. For instance, in 1920, they gained the right to participate in elections through voting. However, Jim Crow racial disenfranchisement and segregation laws, which were implemented by extreme violence, suppressed black womens suffrage. Despite the fact that African Americans were deprived of their voting rights during the Jim Crow era, many of them defied the era oppression by subversive and overt means. At that time, black womens leadership and militant activism helped in th e creation of the Civil Rights Movement (Collier-Thomas Franklin, 2001). Such African American leaders as Malcolm X and Martin Luther King Jr. became the icons of the 1950-60s. However, the grassroots activism and organizational strategies of women, including Fannie Lou Hamer, Rosa Parks, Septima Clark, and Ella Baker, pushed the movement forward and inspired new activists.Even though the movement resulted in personal losses, many black women are known to be human rights and civil activists. This tradition is evident in todays women leaders and activists, such as Alice Walker, Maxine Waters, Eleanor Holmes Norton, Marian Wright Edelman, and Angela Davis (Crawford et al., 1990). Even though black women played a greater role in civil rights movement, they enjoyed less appreciation for their efforts and dedication. This is attributed to the fact that men perceived women as sidetracking the focus of the movement from race to gender-related issues. Black women with their communities wer e responsible for mobilizing people and capital that enhanced the success of the movement. The dedication of black women to the movement, such as Hedge-man, Heigh, and other women mentioned above, enabled them to fight successfully for their rights in the society.Black women endured the horror of white ferocity and carried the burden of discrimination in education and employment for a long time. Equally, they suffered from the demoralization of oral abuse and the pain of segregation ever since the Civil War began. As such, they felt the need to free themselves from social, economic, and political oppression just as black men did. However, throughout the civil rights period, many organizations allowed women to work only behind the scenes while men were on the forefronts. Black women served as significant political representatives; they spearheaded the sit-in demonstrations and the bus boycott spurring the freedom rides. In 1963, at the peak of the movement, many women, including orga nizers and activists such as Fannie Hamer Lou, Ella Baker, and Jo Robinson Ann, joined the Protest on Washington. Others, like Kathleen Cleaver, Ericka Huggins, Assata Shakur, and Elaine Brown, decided to lead their people with their own ideas (Houck Dixon, 2009).Black Women in the U.S. societyBlack women have continuously refuted oppression since they were enslaved in the United States. The black women leaders practiced the legacy of social activism in their civil rights movement. The legacy is considered a continuation of their struggle against racism that commenced during American slavery. Black women in this period were restricted to a strange opposition. For instance, the institution of slavery did not respect their feminine nature. For this reason, they were expected to work in the fields and offer their services to their slave masters. Additionally, they were exposed to physical violence just like their male counterparts (Collier-Thomas Franklin, 2001). Black women had no a uthority over their body because it was susceptible to their masters, male slaves, or overseers sexual desires. As a result, they were defenseless. Compared to black women, white women were considered delicate creatures, and white men protected them. Because of this oppression, black women resisted the system, and instead of giving birth to more slaves to benefit their masters, they aborted their fetuses. Equally, they refused to conceive or committed infanticide with the primary objective of preventing their children from leading a life of slavery (Crawford et al., 1990). Such instances symbolized the desire of black women to have authority over their life, fertility, and sexuality, which were under the control of their slave masters. In addition, some black women resisted the institution of slavery by attempting to escape from their plantations. For instance, Harriet Tubman risked her own life in order to help those who were in pursuit of their freedom. She was even willing to mu rder any slave who desired to return to slavery. Her actions demonstrate a remarkably masculine and militancy feature that characterized black women at that time. The establishment of slave family was significantly impacted by the system of slavery. In these families, the role of a black woman was essential because she was tasked with the responsibility of nurturing, disciplining, and naming children. However, her role as a slave was more important, and her role as a wife and mother came second. Thus, she was expected to dedicate her time to her slave masters needs and then find some time to bond with her children (Houck Dixon, 2009). The gender and racial oppression experienced by black women under slavery triggered in them an urge to resist the forces that aimed at destroying them. As slaves, black women were subjected to hard and strenuous work just to enrich their masters, and as wives, they were subjected to sexual abuse and physical violence. As a consequence, as mothers, bla ck women passed their awareness of being oppressed to their children. This was done in order to adequately prepare their children for the world that discriminated them based on their skin color. Because of this awareness, black women took part in Womens Suffrage Movement that aimed to give power to black communities and educate their children. However, they also faced significant discrimination in their fight for their rights in the society. Regardless, they continued to challenge the sexists and racist system that was prevalent in the United States. Many of them participated in activism that was later perceived as the commencement of the Civil Rights Movement.Various black women leaders in Civil Rights MovementsBlack women worked tirelessly, and imperiled their lives while fighting for social revolution and get their civil rights. They included;Rosa ParksShe joined the Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) and Montgomery Voters League to inspire blacks to regist er as voters. She was registered as a voter in 1945, after trying to register for two years with no success. Working at Maxwell Field Air Base that had assimilated facilities influenced her thinking, and she avoided city buses and segregated facilities. She was the youth group advice-giver in Montgomery NAACP where she showed the youth the importance of fighting segregation. In 1955, while in Montgomery, Rosa Parks declined to give up her seat in the bus to a white man (Allen, 1996). This sparked a mass boycott by many, especially black women household workers who had filled the back seats of buses for a long time. Similarly, other women activists who had encouraged city officials for many years to integrate the buses supported her cause. As such, they organized car pools and sold pies and cakes to raise money for alternative transportation. Parks death shows the important role she played in the civil rights movement. Ella BakerBaker was a longtime leader and a charismatic labor pla nner in the Southern Christian Leadership Conference. In 1930, she teamed up with George Schuyler and formed the Young Negroes Cooperative League (YNCL); later she became the national director of the organization. The YNCL concentrated on establishing consumer cooperatives for deprived people. After joining the Works Progress Administration in 1935, she wrote a number of brochures, organized and held consumer workshops (Allen, 1996). In addition, she organized protests against police cruelty and worked together with labor unions to advocate for workers protection in Harlem. Baker became a member of the NAACP in 1938 as a field planner travelling all over the South, organizing new chapters for the NAACP, and recruiting new members to the group. She believed that for successful collective action it is important to have great personal ties with all blacks, including those with little or no proper education.In 1943, she was selected to become the national director of the NAACP branches; this made her become the highest-ranking woman among the NAACP staff. She was now expected to oversee every field secretaries and coordinate charters at the local level with the nationwide office. Similarly, she came up with new ideas about empowering people at the grassroots level through participating in leadership and decision making process of the organization. As a result, she organized leadership conferences at the local level to teach delegates about education, political pressure, and mass protest. Baker believed that persons did not actually require to be led; instead, they required to be given information, skills, and the chance to lead themselves.Septima P. ClarkShe was frequently referred to as the queen mother of civil rights. She was an activist for National Association for the Promotion of Colored People and an educator. While teaching at Johns Islan...

10 Most Difficult SAT Questions

Here are the 10 toughest SAT questions from our New SAT Prep, as well as the 10 toughest questions from our current old SAT Prep. See how many you get right by checking your answers at the end of the post! (P.S. If you can get these right, then you should check out Harvard SAT scores and Yale SAT scores) 10 Toughest New (Redesigned) SAT Questions These are the ten most difficult SAT practice questions youll find in our New SAT Prep (which helps students study for the redesigned SAT, which will debut in March 2016). Let us know how you do! _____ The common setup is researchers will divide subjects into two groups, one of which is allowed to use the Internet after finishing the task, the other of which must finish the task until completion. Yet another common setup allows subjects unfettered use of the Internet when trying to complete the task. Not surprisingly this last group acted 1 worse on tests of productivity. 2 Not so surprisingly the group that used 10 minutes of web access as an incentive, tended not only to finish the task sooner than the group without any web access but also 3 worked with more vigor when their Internet time was up. 1. A) NO CHANGE B) the worst C) badly D) more poorly Tip: Carefully read the sentences that come before this question. 2. Within the context of the paragraph, the underlined portion should be changed to which of the following? A) NO CHANGE B) Unsurprisingly C) Less surprisingly D) What is surprising is that Tip: The New SAT Writing section will be a lot about context. What I mean by that is to find the answer you’ll have to read the sentences before and after the sentence in which the question appears. Only that way will you have the evidence you need to support your answer. 3. A) NO CHANGE B) to work C) they worked D) to be working Tip: Whenever you have the construction â€Å"not only VERB A but also VERB B†, the two verbs must always be parallel. _____ Read the article, The Data-Driven Life, via the New York Times and answer the following questions. 4. The use of Gradgrind (eighth paragraph) as a supporting example is most problematic because it A) conflates the accumulation of academic facts with the process of quantification. B) undermines the main thesis of the passage by citing a dated example. C) accepts without reservation that a trend has intensified with the passing of time. D) provides an example of a process the author ultimately appreciates. Tip: Think about the author’s main point. Does it make sense to use Gradgind as an example? Why not? (Your answer to that second question should match the correct answer). 5. In the tenth paragraph, the author would likely view the use of numbers to track intimate aspects of people’s lives as A) intrusive. B) inevitable. C) ominous. D) disruptive. Tip: You will need to understand the thrust of the entire passage to be able to answer this. Don’t just jump to the conclusion that the answer must have a negative connotation. 6. Of the solutions for , which has the greatest value? A) 0 B) C) D) Tip: Remember to look at the answers accompanying a question. They will sometimes give you an idea of how to approach this question. In this case, the set up of the answer choices should remind you of a certain formula. 7. For x * t ≠  0, which of the following equations is equivalent to ? A) B) C) D) Tip: Be very careful when factoring out each side. And look at the format of the answer choices. They should show you that you are not combining like terms per se but are using FOIL. 8. The average (arithmetic mean) of 4 different integers is 75. If the largest integer is 90, what is the least possible value of the smallest integer? A) 1 B) 29 C) 30 D) 33 Tip: This is a logic question. Setting up an equation for average will only get you so far. Think in terms of what number could be the smallest possible value. 9. Solution X is 10 percent alcohol by volume, and solution Y is 30 percent alcohol by volume. How many milliliters of solution Y must be added to 200 milliliters of solution X to create a solution that is 25 percent alcohol by volume? A) 250/3 B) 500/3 C) 480 D) 600 Tip: You can solve this question by setting up an equation†¦or you can think of this problem as a weighted average. 10. If the circle with center O has area 9Ï€, what is area of equilateral triangle ABC? A) 9√3 B) 18 C) 12√3 D) 24 Tip: Remember to think of the necessary steps to arrive at the answer. Once you’ve worked those steps at then apply the math. And don’t forget – the fundamental geometry formulas are always in the beginning of each math section. Answers: 1) B 2) D 3) B 4) A 5) B 6) C 7) C 8) D 9) D 10) C 10 Toughest (Old) SAT Questions These are the ten most difficult questions you would have found in our Magoosh SAT Prep if you had taken the old version of the SAT exam (the one given until January 23, 2016). Youre still welcome to try them (theyre tricky), but you probably wont see anything like this on the redesigned SAT. Maybe be glad youre missing out? 🙂 Directions: Choose the words that best fit the blanks: 1. Cosmologist Martin Rees has cautioned that our present satisfaction with the big bang explanation for the creation of the universe may reflect the - of the data rather than the - of the theory. paucity . . validity genius . . accuracy relevance . . scope destruction . . core persuasiveness . . reality Tip: Try to come up with your own word(s) for the blank. If you are unable to, it is okay, as a last resort, to plug the answer choices back in the blank. Sometimes meaning emerges this way and the sentence makes sense. 2. Apparently the groom was very nervous: one moment he would be -, rambling on to his best man about silly, meaningless things, and then abruptly he would turn - and could not be prompted to say anything garrulous . . reticent grandiose . . taciturn vociferous . . effusive melodious . . timorous munificent . . utilitarian Tip: Match the clues with the blanks and then find a word that matches. Remember you only need to work one blank at a time, eliminating those answer choices that don’t work. Then, when you move on the other blank, you only have a few possible answers to deal with. Directions: Choose the correct version of the sentence: 3. Regardless of the fact of the ridge-top condominiums aesthetics, every investor has enjoyed a high return on their investment. Regardless of the fact of the ridge-top condominiums aesthetics, every investor has enjoyed a high return. Regardless of the ridge-top condominium aesthetic, every investor has had a high return to enjoy. Regarding the aesthetics of the ridgetop condominiums, every investor has enjoyed a high return. Regardless of the fact of the ridge-top condominiums aesthetics, a high return by every investor has been enjoyed. Regardless of the aesthetics of the ridge-top condominiums, every investor has enjoyed a high return Tip: Remember to retain the original meaning of the sentence – investors are enjoying an investment. If you remove investment than they are enjoying (having a good time) the high return (money). Which, while highly likely, changes the overall meaning of the sentence. 4. Included in the cost of many services and products sold in Great Britain, American tourists may not realize that they do not necessarily have to pay the value added tax (VAT). Included in the cost of many services and products sold in Great Britain, American tourists may not realize that they do not necessarily have to pay the value added tax (VAT). Included in the cost of many services and products which are sold in Great Britain, tourists from America may not realize that they do not necessarily have to pay the value added tax (VAT). American tourists may not realize that they do not necessarily have to pay the value added tax (VAT) that are included in the cost of many services and products sold in Great Britain. In addition to the cost of many services and products sold in Great Britain, American tourists may not realize that they do not necessarily have to pay the value added tax (VAT). American tourists may not realize that they do not necessarily have to pay the value added tax (VAT) that is included in the cost of many products and services sold in Great Britain. Tip: Remember to make sure that the nouns in the sentence are being modified correctly. American tourists are not included in the cost of many services. Select the answer that best answers the question: 5. The average (arithmetic mean) of 4 different integers is 75. If the largest integer is 90, what is the least possible value of the smallest integer? 1 19 29 30 33 Tip: This is a logic question. Setting up an equation for average will only get you so far. Think in terms of what number could be the smallest possible value. 6. If square ABCD has area 25, and the area of the larger shaded square is 9 times the area of the smaller shaded square, what is the length of one side of the smaller shaded square? Note: Figure not drawn to scale   3/4 5/4 6/5 4/3 5/3   Tip: If you are not sure how to set up the question algebraically you can also solve using the given information. In this case you can assume the answer is (C). So if the side of the small square is 6/5 do we end up with 25 as the area of the big square? Remember the big square has an area that is twice as big as that of the small square (in this question the algebraic approach is better). 7. Solution X is 10 percent alcohol by volume, and solution Y is 30 percent alcohol by volume. How many milliliters of solution Y must be added to 200 milliliters of solution X to create a solution that is 25 percent alcohol by volume? 250/3 500/3 400 480 600 Tip: You can solve this question by setting up an equation†¦or you can think of this problem as a weighted average. 8. On a certain multiple-choice test, 9 points are awarded for each correct answer, and 7 points are deducted for each incorrect or unanswered question. Sally received a total score of 0 points on the test. If the test has fewer than 30 questions, how many questions are on the test? Cannot be determined 16 19 21 24 Tip: This is a question based more on logic. Do not try to set up an equation but think in terms of how many 7-point questions you need and how many 9-point questions you need for the two to cancel out. 9. A computer can perform c calculations in s seconds. How many minutes will it take the computer to perform k calculations? 60ks/c ks/c ks/60c 60c/ks k/60cs Tip: Assign values to k, s, and c if you have difficulty thinking through this question algebraically. 10. If the circle with center O has area 9Ï€, what is area of equilateral triangle ABC?    18 24 Tip: Remember to think of the necessary steps to arrive at the answer. Once you’ve worked those steps at then apply the math. And don’t forget – the fundamental geometry formulas are always in the beginning of each math section. For this last question,  try it out in Magoosh SAT  to see the answer and video explanation! Answers: 1. A 2. A 3. E 4. E 5. E 6. B 7. E 8. B 9. C 10. C Which exam do you think is more difficult the current or new SAT? 🙂 Looking for answers to the most challenging Official SAT Study Guide math questions? Use our Official SAT Study Guide Question Explanations and watch test prep expert Chris Lele explain the smartest way to solve new SAT math questions.

Special Needs Children and the Special Education Program...

Special education is such a broad and sensitive topic to talk about as well as the several issues that come with the Special education topic. And although there are a variety of issues, such as: special education children being accepted, segregated from their peers, the financial ability to support many special education programs, and the fact that a lot of teachers are not properly certified and do not know how to handle special needs children; there are also many resolutions. Special education Awareness, peer understanding, support from the local and state government, proper teacher certification, and most importantly social unity and understanding amongst peers are all a part of this controversial issue and they will also help†¦show more content†¦In Education Week’s, Special education article it was said that, â€Å"more than half of all students with disabilities spend at least 80 percent of their time in the regular classroom.† The more time Special ed ucation students spend in the classroom, the more care and attention they need from all teachers. This is one of the reasons teachers need to be taught proper care skills and be certified when it comes to Special education children. Another reason teachers need to be certified is the fact that different Special education students suffer from different health, physical, and mental complications, and Special education teachers as well as general teachers need to know how to handle anything that happens at a moment’s notice. Finally, proper teacher certification in the Special education field would solve a lot of issues. Teachers being properly certified, would potential cost more money; but it would also increase peer awareness depending on if the school was desegregated. It is said that it takes a village to raise a child, and it takes a village plus one extra person; more patience; and extra understanding to help raise a child with special needs. If more people were made awa re of Special education children and their programs, more people would probably want to participateShow MoreRelatedInclusion of Students with Learning Disabilities Essay1618 Words   |  7 Pagesstill at the forefront of educational controversy, in the classroom and also in Congress. 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While mainstreamingRead MoreMainstreaming : The Influence Of Inclusion Based Education1586 Words   |  7 PagesMainstreaming: The Influence of Inclusion-Based Education According to the Foundation for People with Learning Disabilities, 89% of children with moderate learning difficulties, 24% of children with severe learning difficulties and 18% of children with profound multiple learning difficulties are educated in mainstream schools. A practice so prevalent must surely be effective. However, that is not always the case. It’s disheartening watching these mainstreamed students struggle socially and academicallyRead MoreThe Debate of Integration into Classrooms1186 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction The subject of integrating children with disability into regular classrooms has been the epicenter of debate among scholars and practitioners in the special education industry. This owes to the reality that authors like Berg (2004) and Cassady (2011) made publications on the topic in question. 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